In a native Docker environment, you can mount /source in a container host onto /destination in a container by docker run -v /source:/destination and access it from the container.
Well then, how can you mount C:\Source in Windows onto /destination in a container on Docker for Windows? You can't directly mount C:\Source in the VM host into the container, of course.
As the first step, you have to set up C:\Source as a shared folder for a VM when you create it with docker-machine. You can specify the shared folder with the --virtualbox-share-folder option of the VirtualBox deriver as follows.
docker-machine create --driver virtualbox --virtualbox-share-folder=C:\Source:SourceContinue reading "Mount Any Windows Folder into Containers on Docker for Windows"